Course Content
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE 🇺🇸
1 Present and past
1 Present continuous (I am doing) 2 Present simple (I do) 3 Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and I do) 4 Present continuous and present simple 2 (I am doing and I do) 5 Past simple (I did) 6 Past continuous (I was doing)
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2 Present perfect and past
7 Present perfect 1 (I have done) 8 Present perfect 2 (I have done) 9 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing) 10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done) 11 how long have you (been) … ? 12 for and since when … ? and how long … ? 13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did) 14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did) 15 Past perfect (I had done) 16 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing) 17 have and have got 18 used to (do)
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3 Future
19 Present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future 20 I’m going to (do) 21 will and shall 1 22 will and shall 2 23 I will and I’m going to 24 will be doing and will have done 25 when I do and when I’ve done if and when
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4 Modals
26 can, could and (be) able to 27 could (do) and could have (done) 28 must and can’t 29 may and might 1 30 may and might 2 31 have to and must 32 must mustn’t needn’t 33 should 1 34 should 2 35 I’d better … it’s time … 36 would 37 can/could/would you … ? etc. (Requests, offers, permission and invitations)
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9 -ing and to …
53 Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / stop doing etc.) 54 Verb + to … (decide to … / forget to … etc.) 55 Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to …) 56 Verb + -ing or to … 1 (remember, regret etc.) 57 Verb + -ing or to … 2 (try, need, help) 58 Verb + -ing or to … 3 (like / would like etc.) 59 prefer and would rather 60 Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing 61 be/get used to … (I’m used to …) 62 Verb + preposition + -ing (succeed in -ing / insist on -ing etc.) 63 there’s no point in -ing, it’s worth -ing etc. 64 to … , for … and so that … 65 Adjective + to … 66 to … (afraid to do) and preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing) 67 see somebody do and see somebody doing 68 -ing clauses (He hurt his knee playing football.)
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11 Pronouns and determiners
82 myself/yourself/themselves etc. 83 a friend of mine my own house on my own / by myself 84 there … and it … 85 some and any 86 no/none/any nothing/nobody etc. 87 much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty 88 all / all of most / most of no / none of etc. 89 both / both of neither / neither of either / either of 90 all every whole 91 each and every
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12 Relative clauses
92 Relative clauses 1: clauses with who/that/which 93 Relative clauses 2: clauses with and without who/that/which 94 Relative clauses 3: whose/whom/where 95 Relative clauses 4: extra information clauses (1) 96 Relative clauses 5: extra information clauses (2) 97 -ing and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the accident)
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13 Adjectives and adverbs (copy)
98 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.) 99 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired 100 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly) 101 Adjectives and adverbs 2 (well, fast, late, hard/hardly) 102 so and such 103 enough and too 104 quite, pretty, rather and fairly 105 Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.) 106 Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.) 107 Comparative 3 (as … as / than) 108 Superlative (the longest, the most enjoyable etc.) 109 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time 110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb 111 still any more yet already 112 even
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13 Adjectives and adverbs
98 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.) 99 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired 100 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly) 101 Adjectives and adverbs 2 (well, fast, late, hard/hardly) 102 so and such 103 enough and too 104 quite, pretty, rather and fairly 105 Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.) 106 Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.) 107 Comparative 3 (as … as / than) 108 Superlative (the longest, the most enjoyable etc.) 109 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time 110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb 111 still any more yet already 112 even
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14 Conjunctions and prepositions
113 although though even though in spite of despite 114 in case 115 unless as long as provided 116 as (as I walked … / as I was … etc.) 117 like and as 118 like as if 119 during for while 120 by and until by the time …
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15 Prepositions
121 at/on/in (time) 122 on time and in time at the end and in the end 123 in/at/on (position) 1 124 in/at/on (position) 2 125 in/at/on (position) 3 126 to, at, in and into 127 in/on/at (other uses) 128 by 129 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.) 130 Adjective + preposition 1 131 Adjective + preposition 2 132 Verb + preposition 1 to and at 133 Verb + preposition 2 about/for/of/after 134 Verb + preposition 3 about and of 135 Verb + preposition 4 of/for/from/on 136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on
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16 Phrasal verbs
137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction 138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out 139 Phrasal verbs 3 out 140 Phrasal verbs 4 on/off (1) 141 Phrasal verbs 5 on/off (2) 142 Phrasal verbs 6 up/down 143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (1) 144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2) 145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back
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Prepositions
121 at/on/in (time) 122 on time and in time at the end and in the end 123 in/at/on (position) 1 124 in/at/on (position) 2 125 in/at/on (position) 3 126 to, at, in and into 127 in/on/at (other uses) 128 by 129 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.) 130 Adjective + preposition 1 131 Adjective + preposition 2 132 Verb + preposition 1 to and at 133 Verb + preposition 2 about/for/of/after 134 Verb + preposition 3 about and of 135 Verb + preposition 4 of/for/from/on 136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on
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Phrasal verbs
137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction 138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out 139 Phrasal verbs 3 out 140 Phrasal verbs 4 on/off (1) 141 Phrasal verbs 5 on/off (2) 142 Phrasal verbs 6 up/down 143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (1) 144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2) 145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back
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Laugh & Learn: Quick English Bytes
Dive into our fun and engaging Laugh & Learn: Quick English Bytes series! These bite-sized videos, inspired by popular shows like The Office, are less than 5 minutes long and packed with humor to make learning English enjoyable. After each video, test your comprehension with interactive questions designed to evaluate your listening skills and understanding of everyday expressions. Perfect for improving your English while having a laugh!
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Irregular Verbs
This topic focuses on mastering irregular verbs in English. Irregular verbs do not follow standard conjugation patterns, making them essential to learn for effective communication. In this module, students will: Explore common irregular verbs and their forms (base form, past simple, past participle). Understand how to use irregular verbs in sentences across various tenses. Practice through interactive quizzes, engaging exercises, and assignments that reinforce proper usage in real-world contexts. By the end of this topic, students will gain confidence in recognizing and applying irregular verbs, improving both their spoken and written English.
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Recording
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92 Summer Days in English
Homework Heroes Program (Level A2/B1)

Unit 33: Should (1)


A. Використання “Should”

1. Що означає “should”?

“Should” використовується для вираження поради або думки про те, що є правильним чи хорошим.

Приклади:

  • You look tired. You should go to bed.
    (Ти виглядаєш втомленим(-ою). Тобі слід піти спати.)
  • The government should do more to improve schools.
    (Уряду слід зробити більше для покращення шкіл.)

2. Заперечна форма “shouldn’t”

“Shouldn’t” означає, що щось не є хорошою ідеєю чи правильним.

Приклади:

  • You shouldn’t believe everything you read in newspapers.
    (Тобі не слід вірити всьому, що ти читаєш у газетах.)

3. Використання “should” з думками

“Should” часто використовується з фразами “I think”, “I don’t think”, “Do you think…”.

Приклади:

  • I think the government should do more to improve schools.
    (Я думаю, що уряд має зробити більше для покращення шкіл.)
  • I don’t think you should work so hard.
    (Я не думаю, що тобі слід так важко працювати.)
  • Do you think I should apply for this job?
    (Ти думаєш, мені слід подати заявку на цю роботу?)

B. “Should” у порівнянні з “Must” і “Have To”

1. Різниця між “should” і “must/have to”

“Should” означає, що це було б гарною ідеєю, але це не є обов’язковим.
“Must” або “have to” виражають сильніший обов’язок або необхідність.

Приклади:

  • You should apologise.
    (Тобі слід вибачитися.)
  • You must apologise.
    (Ти мусиш вибачитися.)

C. Використання “Should” для очікувань

1. Щось неправильне або неочікуване

Ми використовуємо “should”, коли щось не так, як має бути.

Приклади:

  • Where’s Tina? She should be here by now.
    (Де Тіна? Вона мала б бути тут уже.)
  • The price on this packet is wrong. It should be £12.50, not £3.50.
    (Ціна на цьому пакеті неправильна. Вона має бути £12.50, а не £3.50.)

2. Щось, що ми очікуємо

Ми також використовуємо “should”, коли очікуємо, що щось станеться.

Приклади:

  • Helen has been studying hard, so she should pass the exam.
    (Хелен багато вчилася, тому вона, ймовірно, складе іспит.)
  • There are plenty of hotels in town. It shouldn’t be hard to find a place to stay.
    (У місті багато готелів. Це не мало б бути важко знайти місце для ночівлі.)

D. “Should Have Done”

1. Щось, що мало бути зроблено, але не було

“Should have done” означає, що щось було б добре зробити в минулому, але це не було зроблено.

Приклади:

  • You should have come to the party. It was great!
    (Тобі слід було прийти на вечірку. Вона була чудова!)
  • They should have been here by now.
    (Вони мали б бути тут уже давно.)

2. Щось, що було зроблено, але не мало бути

“Shouldn’t have done” означає, що щось було зроблено, але цього не слід було робити.

Приклади:

  • I shouldn’t have eaten so much. I feel sick.
    (Мені не слід було так багато їсти. Мені погано.)
  • She shouldn’t have been listening to our conversation.
    (Їй не слід було слухати нашу розмову.)

3. Порівняння “Should Do” і “Should Have Done”

Час Приклад
Теперішній час You should go to bed now. (Тобі слід піти спати зараз.)
Минулий час You should have gone to bed earlier. (Тобі слід було піти спати раніше.)

E. “Ought To”

1. Альтернатива до “Should”

Ми можемо використовувати “ought to” замість “should”.

Приклади:

  • Do you think I ought to apply for this job?
    (Ти думаєш, мені слід подати заявку на цю роботу?)
  • You ought to have come to the party.
    (Тобі слід було прийти на вечірку.)

F. Таблиця для швидкого порівняння

Фраза Значення Приклад
Should Порада або думка. You should apologise.
Shouldn’t Те, чого не слід робити. You shouldn’t eat so much junk food.
Should Have Done Те, що мало бути зроблено в минулому. You should have studied harder.
Shouldn’t Have Done Те, чого не слід було робити в минулому. You shouldn’t have shouted at her.
Ought To Альтернатива до “should”. You ought to see a doctor.

G. Глосарій ключових термінів

Термін Пояснення українською
Should Виражає поради або думки про те, що є правильним чи хорошим.
Should Have Done Виражає дію, яку слід було зробити в минулому, але вона не була виконана.
Shouldn’t Have Done Виражає дію, яку не слід було робити в минулому, але вона була виконана.
Ought To Альтернатива до “should”, яка означає те ж саме.
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