1. Although / Though / Even though
- Usage: Use with a subject + verb to show contrast or an unexpected result.
- Examples:
- Although it rained a lot, they had a good time.
Хоча йшов сильний дощ, вони добре провели час. - Even though I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep.
Навіть якщо я був дуже втомлений, я не міг заснути.
- Although it rained a lot, they had a good time.
2. In spite of / Despite
- Usage: Use with a noun, pronoun, or -ing form.
- Examples:
- In spite of the rain, they had a good time.
Незважаючи на дощ, вони добре провели час. - She continued working in spite of being unwell.
Вона продовжила працювати, незважаючи на погане самопочуття.
- In spite of the rain, they had a good time.
3. Comparison
- Although vs. In spite of:
- Although the traffic was bad, we arrived on time.
Хоча трафік був жахливим, ми приїхали вчасно. - In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time.
Незважаючи на трафік, ми приїхали вчасно.
- Although the traffic was bad, we arrived on time.
4. Additional Notes
- though: Often used at the end of a sentence in spoken English.
- The house isn’t nice. I like the garden, though.
Будинок не гарний. Але мені подобається сад.
- The house isn’t nice. I like the garden, though.
- even though: More emphatic than “although.”
- Even though it was late, we went out.
Навіть якщо було пізно, ми вийшли.
- Even though it was late, we went out.
Summary in Table Form
| Phrase | Structure | Example (EN) | Example (UA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| although / though | Subject + Verb | Although it rained, we went out. | Хоча йшов дощ, ми вийшли. |
| even though | Subject + Verb | Even though I was tired, I stayed awake. | Навіть якщо я був втомлений, я залишався не спав. |
| in spite of | Noun / -ing form | In spite of the rain, we went out. | Незважаючи на дощ, ми вийшли. |
| despite | Noun / -ing form | Despite being tired, I stayed awake. | Незважаючи на втому, я залишався не спав. |