Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous

(Граматика, пояснення, приклади, поради та типові помилки)

1. Present Perfect (PP)

Form: have/has + past participle (V3)

Uses:

1. Unfinished actions up to now
   (Дії, які почались у минулому і тривають до цього часу)

   • Example: “I have lived in London for five years.”
     (Я живу в Лондоні вже п’ять років.)

2. Experiences
   (Дії, що відбулися в житті, без конкретного часу)

   • Example: “She has visited Paris several times.”
     (Вона відвідала Париж кілька разів.)

3. Recent actions with results now
   (Недавні дії, результат яких відчувається зараз)

   • Example: “He has just finished his homework.”
     (Він щойно закінчив домашнє завдання.)

4. Situations that have changed
   (Зміни у ситуації)

   • Example: “I have bought a new car.”
     (Я купив нову машину.)

Time Expressions (Часові вирази):

• Since – з якогось часу: “I have worked here since 2010.”
• For – протягом: “She has lived here for five years.”
• Just, already, yet – щойно, вже, ще: “I have just called him.”

Tips:

1. Since is used with a specific point in time: “since 2005.”
2. For is used with a duration: “for five years.”
3. Use yet in negatives/questions: “Have you finished yet?”

Common Mistakes:

1. Using wrong verb form:
   • ❌ “I have went to the store.”
   • ✅ “I have gone to the store.”
2. Mixing Present Simple and Present Perfect:
   • ❌ “I live here since 2005.”
   • ✅ “I have lived here since 2005.”

2. Present Perfect Continuous (PPC)

Form: have/has + been + present participle (V-ing)

Uses:

1. Actions started in the past and still continuing
   (Дії, що почались у минулому і все ще тривають)

   • Example: “I have been reading for two hours.”
     (Я читаю вже дві години.)

2. Recently finished actions with visible evidence
   (Дії, що недавно закінчились, з видимими доказами)

   • Example: “She has been crying; her eyes are red.”
     (Вона плакала; її очі червоні.)

3. Repeated actions over a period of time
   (Повторювані дії протягом певного періоду часу)

   • Example: “They have been playing football every evening this week.”
     (Вони грають у футбол щовечора цього тижня.)

Time Expressions (Часові вирази):

• For, since – ті ж самі, що в PP: “I have been working since morning.”
• Recently, lately – останнім часом: “He has been studying a lot recently.”

Tips:

1. Focus on the duration or visible results of the action.
   • “I have been working here for three hours.” (Focus: duration)
2. PPC is often used for temporary actions.

Common Mistakes:

1. Mixing Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous:
   • ❌ “I have read this book for two hours.” (Focus: ongoing action)
   • ✅ “I have been reading this book for two hours.”
2. Forgetting “been”:
   • ❌ “I have working since morning.”
   • ✅ “I have been working since morning.”

Key Differences: Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous

Examples with Explanation:

1. Present Perfect:
   • “I have written three emails today.” (Focus: number of emails written.)
2. Present Perfect Continuous:
   • “I have been writing emails all morning.” (Focus: ongoing action over time.)

Tips to Master These Tenses

1. Use Present Perfect for results:
   • “I have cooked dinner.” (Dinner is ready now.)
2. Use Present Perfect Continuous for actions in progress:
   • “I have been cooking dinner.” (Focus on the activity, not the result.)
3. Time expressions are your clues:
   • “For two hours” = PPC (duration)
   • “Already” = PP (result)